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New scientific projects and technologies were presented at the forum "Science of the Future — Science of the Young", an annual event that took place in Samara. Leading Russian and foreign scientists spoke about achievements in the field of quantum technologies, medicine, materials science and others. In addition, space industry experts discussed the nuances of scientific programs at the ROS station and the prospects for a domestic lunar mission.
What was discussed at the scientific forum
To fly to the moon, Russian cosmonauts will need four ships, and quantum entangled particles will soon be used to study organisms and materials. These, as well as many other topics from the field of advanced scientific developments, were discussed at the IX All-Russian Youth Scientific Forum "Science of the Future - Science of the Young".
This is an annual event where scientists, together with distinguished colleagues, consider promising projects and technologies. The Forum is held annually in different cities of Russia. This time, the host was Samara National Research University. The event included plenary sessions, scientific sections and mini-conferences.
— The benefit of the forum is that the connection of generations is organized here and the opportunity to transfer experience and knowledge to young specialists. His other unique feature is his interdisciplinarity, which is the key to many scientific breakthroughs," said Viktor Soyfer, President of Samara University, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, at the opening of the event.
In total, more than 500 people took part in the forum, including the largest Russian and foreign scientists. One of the key speeches was the report of the scientific director of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI), Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Sergei Chernyshev.
— There is an explosive growth of air transportation in Russia. This is due to the development of connectivity in the country. In particular, due to tourism and business activity, passenger traffic is increasing, and due to the popularity of marketplaces, the need for cargo transportation is growing," he noted.
According to him, new developments are actively underway in the domestic aircraft industry. One of them is a long-range, high-capacity aircraft of the "flying wing" type. Such an aircraft does not have a tail and fuselage, and the wing houses a crew cabin and a cargo compartment or passenger compartment. With this configuration, the aerodynamics of the aircraft increases by a quarter.
Another promising project is a new concept of a supersonic passenger liner. As the academician explained, such an aircraft expands the area of day trips to 7.5 thousand km, which is twice as much as with modern aircraft. In addition, the project of a "green" aircraft with open-rotor engines (an assembly that, rotating, creates lift) is being worked out. The innovation can provide up to 15% fuel savings, the scientist added.
At the same time, research is underway in the field of creating a new small-sized business jet for business aviation, as well as various variants of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft for flights within urban agglomerations.
What quantum technologies are being developed in Russia
Many interesting projects were presented at the forum by young scientists. Anna Paterova, a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Quantum Light Engineering at South Ural State University, told about one of them. The development consists in creating sources of quantum light — particles entangled with each other in the infrared and visible range.
— The infrared range is a region of wavelengths where many molecules exhibit unique characteristics. For example, some materials that are opaque in visible light are well illuminated by infrared rays. They can be used to scan the internal structure of organisms and materials. However, the problems of IR measurement methods are the low efficiency of the detectors, the high level of "noise" and the limited number of generators of such radiation," she noted.
Therefore, the goal was set to create light sources in which IR radiation will penetrate into materials, but quantum entangled particles with them will allow them to be seen, they are detected by detectors in the optical range. Such quantum light devices will be in demand in the study of biological tissues, quality control of semiconductor chips and detection of impurities in medicines, she said.
What do scientists propose to prolong life
Franceschi Claudio, one of the foreign guests of the forum, Honorary Professor of Immunology at the University of Bologna (Italy) and head of the Laboratory of Systemic Medicine of a healthy person at Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, spoke about the study of the mechanisms of human aging.
According to him, there are now many markers by which the onset of age-related diseases can be predicted in advance. For example, thanks to the scientific work in which the scientist also participated, changes in the REM sleep phase can indicate the approach of Parkinson's disease.
— Organs age in different ways. And each of them has its own epigenetic "clock" — markers that indicate biological age. Thanks to them, it can be shown that a person will develop a disease after a certain time. In general, 15 signs have been selected in the body that indicate aging," said Franceschi Claudio.
He added that the older a person gets, the more unique they are. When studying people over the age of 100, experts have found that they have an optimal balance between inflammatory and immune cells. It makes it possible to reduce the biological age.
The scientist said that the ecology of the body is no less important than the external environment. Every day, 50-70 billion cells die in the human body. They spread throughout the body and contribute to aging. At the same time, one of the main mechanisms of purification is a full-fledged healthy sleep.
How to improve Russian space programs
An important event of the forum was an open conversation with the deputy commander for research work of the cosmonaut detachment of the Roscosmos State Corporation, test cosmonaut Andrey Babkin. Speaking about the promising Russian Orbital Station (ROS), he noted the relevance of the modular principle and the possibility of replacing structural elements.
— Currently, the ISS has encountered micro leaks on one of the modules. This happened due to wear and tear of the structure. The problem cannot be fixed. In the new concept, in a similar situation, you can replace a failed node with a new one. Thus, the service life of the station is practically unlimited," the cosmonaut said.
He also said that despite Russia's lag in the preparation of manned missions to the Moon, domestic specialists could implement their option with the help of Soyuz-5 spacecraft, which in 1969 had carried out the world's first docking in space. In this scheme, the components of the spacecraft will be delivered to orbit in four launches, where they will be assembled into a single complex and sent to the Moon.
In addition, Andrei Babkin noted that currently Russia does not train research cosmonauts, since there are not enough scientific projects on board the ISS for them. Therefore, the functions of conducting experiments are assigned to test cosmonauts, who are not always able to fully implement the scientific program. Specialized scientific modules will probably appear at the ROS station, and research astronauts will be in demand, he added.
Source: rg.ru
